Polish Immigration to the United States and Canada Essay

1. Introduction 1.1. Overview Poland is a small country, tucked away in the recesses of Eastern Europe. Surrounded by countries like Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, its population of 38.5 million is slightly more than half of the United Kingdom’s and a fraction of that of the United States. Whilst experiencing a welcome improvement in economic development and prosperity in recent years, the country and its citizens, the Polish people, can well be counted as among the more unfortunate of the world. Centuries of political turmoil, foreign rule and occupancy, decades of partitioning, and extended periods of economic distress, have scarred the psyche of the Polish people, driven them out of their surroundings, and made them into global wanderers, refugees, and migrants, searching for comfort, peace, and economic well being for themselves and their families. The mass genocide of the 1940s, which left more than 6 million Polish dead, was followed by four decades of communist rule and it was not until 1989 that the country joined the ranks of free nations. Difficult home conditions during the last few centuries have often forced the Polish people to travel out of the environs of their familiar surroundings and make their homes in strange countries, among people with different cultures, languages, religions, and traditions. Polish migrants have moved out in waves not only to other more hospitable regions in Europe but also to the new world, more particularly to the United States and Canada. Through years of hard work, toil and perseverance, the Polish have created a world wide diaspora, better known as Polonia, of people who, despite living in alien conditions for decades, have continued to be true to their culture, traditions, language and religion. Their migration to North America is not of recent origin; the first waves of people of Polish origin came to the United States in the late 1700s and to Canada in the early 1800s.[1] These original adventurers were followed by periodic streams of migrants whose numbers depended both upon the conditions of their home country as well as on the immigration policies of their host nations. Once settled in their host locations the Polish proved to be model immigrants, industrious, peace loving, cultured, lovers of art, and extremely religious. Their tale of immigration and settlement in Canada and the United States is one of courage, determination and fortitude; visible proof of how adversity brings forth the best in human beings. 1.2. Objective This dissertation takes up the issue of Polish immigration to the United States and Canada, investigating the causes of migration, the areas of choice, the challenges faced by the settlers, the ways and means adopted to overcome such problems, and the evolution of the Polish presence in their adopted countries. Whilst investigating the phenomenon, specific emphasis will be given to the differences in the adopted processes of migration and settlement between Polish Canadians and Polish Americans. A study of this nature should hopefully be of interest to students of history, international relations, sociology, immigration, demographics, and government policy. The global Polish community, immigrants or otherwise should also find such a study illuminating and interesting. 1.3. Methodology A dissertation of this nature will be well served by intensive study of the literature available on the subject. Substantial primary and secondary information is available on the topic by way of government websites, books, and journal, magazine, and newspaper articles. Whilst surveys or in-depth interviews with Polish immigrants could yield some very interesting and relevant information, such an exercise would need to cover substantial numbers of respondents in two nations and involve the deployment of resources beyond the capacity of the researcher. The dissertation as such relies fully on the information available both on line and in hard copy for its findings, analysis and conclusions. The sources of information accessed have been listed in the bibliography at the end of the study. The body of the dissertation is structured into a literature review followed by a section on findings and analysis. The concluding section details the conclusions arrived at in the course of the study along with recommendations and the limitations of the assignment. 2. Literature Review With the first Polish people travelling to North America more than three centuries ago their connection with the USA and Canada is hardly of recent origin. The phenomenon predates the American War of Independence of 1776 and has been shaped by a range of political, military, economic, social, and cultural factors, not just in their homeland but also in the other countries of Europe as well as in the USA and in Canada. This review of literature approaches the subject from specific angles, namely the historical and modern day circumstances that influenced their migration to North America, the governmental and policy approaches of the two host countries that shaped their entry and settlement, the factors behind their demographic dispersion and build-up, and the evolution of the Polish diaspora in the two countries. 2.1. Migratory Compulsions Political and Military Turmoil Whilst Poland developed into a recognisable political entity, a millennium ago, under the Piast dynasty in the tenth century, its period of greatest affluence and development, also referred as the golden age, occurred, during the 16th and 17th centuries, with the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[2] This short lived era of freedom, parliamentary working, and economic affluence came to an end with the Swedish invasion and the Cossack Uprising towards the middle of the 17th century. These events were followed by numerous wars against Russia, three partitions of the country, in 1772, 1793, and 1795, and the division of its territories between Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The reconstitution of a Polish state in 1807 by Napoleon lasted for only 8 years, the defeat of Napoleon being followed by Austrian and Russian hegemony over the country until the end of the First World War.[3] â€Å"This loss of independence created the situation that for most Poles, â€Å"Poland† as their country, became just an idea-a memory from the past, and a hope for the future. In short, in the world of the Polish spirit, it enabled men and women to live their lives in their own way in spite of the established order, and often in defiance of the law† (Davies 1990). These partitions and the disaster of the 1830 Uprising caused the Great Emigration to the Western European countries and to the overseas territories, among which the United States holds the primary position†[4] Regaining is independence in 1918, the country remained independent for just two decades until the twin invasions of the country by Germany on September 1, 1939 and Soviet Russia on September 17. Divided into 2 zones under the control of Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland suffered greatly during the Second World War; the holocaust took its greatest toll in this country with six million, half of them Jews, perishing in the first four years of the 1940s. The end of the war saw the occupation of the country by the forces of the Soviet Union and nearly 4 more decades of communist rule before the country emerged, on the back of a Solidarity movement, as a democratic nation in 1990. Joining the European Union in 2004, the country is making economic progress and integrating rapidly with the global community. [5] With the last three centuries being spent in incessant political and military turmoil it is not difficult gauge the extent of mental, physical and economic hardships suffered by the Polish people. Deprived of the security of their country and a national umbrella, the Polish left their homeland in successive waves from the 18th century to the present day. Economic and Social Conditions Whilst political and military turmoil was of course causal in driving large numbers of patriotic Polish from their homes and forcing them to seek safe sanctuary in other countries, economic compulsions also played a major role in motivating them to regions with better prospects for earnings, savings and the development of prosperity and affluence. In fact it would appear that the majority of Polish migration took place because of severe disturbances in economic conditions. Significant increases in population in the late years of the 18th century, along with industrialisation and the consolidation of commercial agriculture led to the elimination of small land holdings, exhaustion of available land, and loss of earning capacity and destitution of peasants dependent upon farming for their livelihood forcing them to migrate to areas of economic opportunity.[6] The decline of industrial production in the Russian controlled regions of Lodz and Piotrkow after the Russo-Japanese War and the 1905 revolution sparked off a significant wave of migration with hundreds of thousands of workers departing for other regions. Apart from such occurrences pressures of population, exhaustion of land and the lack of investment in industry kept the region in a perpetual state of economic deprivation and drove emigration figures upwards.[7] Whilst economic deprivation drove emigration among the economically weaker sections of society, sporadic bouts of anti-Semitism were to lead to thousands of Jews moving away to escape persecution. A wave of anti-Semitism swept through the region after the revolution of 1905. Fanned by the anti-Semitic wing of the National Democratic Party in the early years of the 20th century the movement increased steadily until the onset of the First World War and led to social ostracism and violence against Jews â€Å"Students would picket Jewish stores, threatening Poles who dared to enter. Shame was also placed upon those citizens who sought the services of Jewish lawyers, dentists and doctors. One technique that was frequently used was to photograph Poles entering Jewish residences and print the pictures. The picture, with a derogatory comment, would be placed on pamphlets that were distributed among the townspeople. Less costly but just as painful and derogatory were such incidents of Poles throwing stones at Jewish men, women and even young children. Killing Jews was contagious in an atmosphere of hate that enveloped Poland. Not only were the Polish radicals placing the blame for their problems on the Jews, but they were also gaining free media.†[8] (Reisner, Davis and Miera) Post Second World War Emigration Many of the Iron Curtain nations have experienced the phenomenon of citizens being pushed to emigrate, rather flee, in large numbers to escape political repression and economic scarcity. With most communist governments unwilling to allow their citizens to leave their borders except for official reasons, much of the ensuing emigration was illegal until travel restrictions were eased. In Poland the easing of travel curbs in the late 1950s after the cessation of Stalinist rule, led to a spurt migrants who travelled to European countries, mainly Germany, in search of lost relatives and motivated by the desire to motivate families. The next large migration occurred only in the late 1980s.[9] Whilst some of the people who left belonged to Lech Walesa’s Solidarity party and had to leave after the imposition of martial law to avoid incarceration, most of the others were young and educated and did not foresee the happening of any major political change. Their reasons for leaving were m ostly economic and they accordingly left for countries like Australia, Canada or the USA, which though far away offered the opportunity of economic improvement.[10] 2.2. Migration to the USA and Canada Polish emigration, as per extant records, appears to have been focussed on western countries, with very few Poles evincing interest of emigrating to Latin America, Africa or Asia. The only exceptions to this rule were Australia, which became a preferred destination choice for many of the Polish in the post Second World War period, and Israel, which attracted thousands of Polish Jews, from the 1960s, after the government eased travel curbs and relaxed issuance of passports. [11]The community seems to have concentrated mostly on neighbouring European nations like Germany, France, and Belgium, as well as on North American countries like the USA and Canada. Whilst there are clear motives for emigration with the range of causes being large and varied and stemming from political unrest, partition and annexation, economic deprivation, lack of agricultural land and job opportunities, political suppression (during the communist regime), and religious persecution and discomfort (for the Polish Jews), researchers are less clear on the reasons behind the choice of destination of Polish migrants. Very possibly the community felt more comfortable with settling down in countries with a majority of whites, where Christianity was the dominant religion. Migration to the USA Whilst migration of Poles, individually and in small groups, to the USA started soon after the voyages of Columbus, significant community immigration did not occur until the onset of the three partitions in the closing years of the 1700s. Records however suggest that many Polish craftsmen were hired by the London Company in 1608 to bring their skills to Jamestown, where a sizeable community grew over the next two decades. â€Å"The Poles created glass house shops, and pitch and potash burners. These products became the first exports of Jamestown. As a result of their success more Poles were invited to Jamestown. They were always cooperative and willing workers. In 1619 more Poles landed at Jamestown with the intent to manufacture pitch, tar and resin for ships. They also helped start the timber industry that was necessary for ship building. The first Legislative Assembly denied the Jamestown Poles the right to vote. As a result the Poles went to strike, refusing to work unless they had the right to vote. On July 21, 1619 the Legislative Assembly granted Poles the right to vote. Thus, the Poles were the first group that fought successfully for civil rights.†[12] Polish immigration subsequently increased from the last quarter of the 18th century when Poles participated in the American Revolution. The 1800s saw two major waves of Polish immigration, the first of which occurred between 1830 and 1863 and the second between 1870 and 1913. Whilst the first wave of migrants moved mainly into neighbouring European countries a few thousands did travel to the USA. The second wave however saw the majority of emigrants leaving for the USA, whilst the others went to Germany, France and Belgium. Approximately 2.5 million Poles, practically 95 % of the migrants landed at Ellis Island during this period whereas the balance 5 % came in through Castle Garden. This huge flow of migrants dropped sharply only after the adoption of quotas and the imposition of strict limits for immigrants by the USA in 1921.[13]   The next major flow of migrants was to occur only after the end of the Second World War when 200,000 Polish refugees were settled in the United States. Recent decades have also seen a steady flow of the Polish coming into the country. Whilst some came into the country illegally in the 1970s and the 1980s, smaller waves have come in after the overthrowing of the communist government in 1989. [14] Migration to Canada Polish migration to Canada started later than in the United States and commenced in substantial numbers only in the first decade of the 1900s. Polish migrant inflow was highest during 1901-1910, 1921 -1931, and 1946 – 1961.[15] Inflow of migrants into Canada, whilst being far lesser than into the United States, has however been considerable in absolute numbers considering the far lesser population of the country. Reasons for Polish immigration to Canada remained the same as for other accommodative and affluent destinations, namely gross overpopulation, scarcity of land, falling industrialisation, and generally depressed economic conditions in the homeland. Canada, whilst offering the opportunities of easy availability of land and an affluent and fast developing economy was however able to attract only a trickle of the vast numbers of Polish who exited their country in the 19th and 20th centuries. Governmental Policies and Demographic Distribution The United States, along with the affluent countries of Western Europe, namely Germany, France and Belgium, have always been the major destinations of Polish migrants. Whilst West European countries offered the comfort of proximity, similar cultures, and the possibility of more frequent home visits, the United States offered vast economic and other opportunities and proved to be an irresistible magnet for the bulk of Polish migrants, especially in the first two decades of the 1900s. To an economically deprived people, the country appeared to be the best option for achieving economic sufficiency and prosperity. â€Å"These Poles were called ‘za chlebem’ or â€Å"for bread† immigrants. They came to America for the sole purpose of making money. Once this was accomplished, they would return to Poland and prosper. Other Poles risked everything to travel to America. They sold all their property in hope of starting a new life. When these Poles entered America they wrote letters back to their relatives about their life here. Soon their relatives came to America to join their relatives. Some Polish people came because America was portrayed to be the land of opportunity; others came because they were encouraged by exaggerated stories of abundant job opportunity.†[16] With economic opportunities appearing so lucrative in the USA it was possibly but natural for the country to receive far more migrants, Polish and otherwise than Canada. Whilst Canada also did receive migrants their numbers invariably went up with the imposition of entry restrictions in the United States. The first such ballooning in Canadian migrants occurred in 1921 with the imposition of entry curbs in the USA in 1921 following three decades of heavy Polish migrant inflow from the closing years of the 1890s. The US introduced quotas as preliminary policy in 2 phases in the early 1920s before implementing them in their final form towards the end of the decade.[17] Annual quotas were set for each country on the basis of 2 % of the foreign born of particular countries as per the census of 1890, a decision that skewed immigration against East Europeans in favour of those from West Europe, thus shifting the source of immigrants into countries more likely to contribute skilled labour. Canada also followed the US in this regard by adopting formal restrictions in 1923. Whilst Canadian policy had restrictions similar to those of the United States, ranking immigrants by country of origin it did not impose an explicit numerical limit. Whilst the more stringent entry norms adopted by the USA had a significant diversionary impact upon canalising Polish immigration into Canada, the Canadian government opened the border still wider by authorising 2 Canadian railway companies to act as its agents for ad mission of immigrants.[18] â€Å"From 1925-1930, under what is termed the railway agreement, the Canadian government authorized the two Canadian railway companies to act as its agents for the admission of immigrants. The railway companies were given authority to screen immigrants subject to the restrictions in place. Essentially, they were allowed to recruit agricultural labor in Eastern Europe for the Canadian West. The result was a large increase in immigration from the countries in which agents of the railways were active, primarily central and Eastern Europe.†[19] The significant increase in Polish immigration to Canada was as such substantially influenced by restrictive US entry policies compared to a more liberal Canadian approach that favoured a tilt towards canalising farm workers from Eastern Europe for work in the Canadian prairies. History in a way repeated itself with the passage of the passing of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, (INA) which continued with the quota system and further allowed the US government to prohibit the entry of perceived undesirables. With the emergence and consolidation of a sharp anti-communist bias in the United States it is very possible that the INA was used selectively against people from East European communists who were very firmly identified with the Soviet Union. Whilst such biases are difficult to establish, this period coincided with a rapid escalation of migrants to Canada, where entry curbs were far lesser than in the US for all people of European origin. 3.0 Findings and Analysis Polish migration to the North American continent began tentatively soon after its settlement by British and European settlers and picked up momentum only after the ending of the Polish golden age in the mid 1700s, followed by the partitioning and dismemberment of the country. The events of the late 1700s led to the unleashing of several waves of Polish migration, which were to continue in fits and starts for the next 150 years and appear to continue even today, four years after the entry of the country into the European Union. Whilst most of the causes that led to this significant migratory shift are connected with economic reasons dealing with overpopulation, scarcity of farming land, and lack of industrialisation, they are in a sense deeply connected with the constant political and military turmoil involving Russia, Austria and Germany, which denied peace and economic development to the country and drove the residents to venture into strange countries in search of economic stabilit y and peaceful existence. The Second World War and the accompanying holocaust brought in another intense period of tragedy, displacement and deprivation, forcing hundreds of thousands of Polish refugees to seek shelter in foreign countries. Whilst the exodus has abated somewhat in recent years, the recent entry of the country into the European Union and ease of travel and employment in other EU countries appear to have motivated thousands of young Poles to move to other countries in Europe for economic improvement. The migration of the Polish to North America was in the main directed towards the United States, and though migration to Canada started within decades of the Polish beginning to go to the USA, the number of Polish in the USA today outnumber those in Canada by ten times. Furthermore such migration to Canada has been substantially influenced by governmental entry restrictions imposed by the USA first in the mid 1920s and later in the early 1950s. Whilst the incidence of migration to Canada has, apart from more flexible immigration policies, also been helped by specific proactive Canadian policies aiming to attract farm hands from Poland and other East European countries, it is debatable whether the migration to Canada would have been what it is if the USA had not tightened its entry requirements for people with Polish and other East European backgrounds. Once settled Polish immigrants in both countries remained bound together by a common culture and the Catholic religion building church centric Polish communities. Whilst cities like Chicago and Detroit in the USA saw the growth of extensive Polish populations, the Polish community in Canada developed numerous settlements in the prairie region before moving towards Ontario and building up a substantial Polish population in Toronto.

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Elements of Competency for Engineers - Essay Example Another element of competency for engineers that I want to achieve perfection in is professional and personal attributes. I realize that engineering as a professional plays a very instrumental role in the economic development of society. As such as an engineer I will be a play a role that touches on the lives of many as well as aspects of society, economy and environmental issues. As such high standards of ethics and professional conduct will be expected of me by the large society. I will, therefore, use information and engineering technologies in a manner that is beneficial to all stakeholders. I am currently working to achieve this competency by thinking creatively, innovatively and maintaining a proactive personality as an engineer. I try to carry myself in an orderly manner and effectively practice teamwork. These competencies are set in order to stimulate engineers to rise to the occasion and serve the community in a manner that is diligently ethical, professional and beneficial . As a future engineer being competent in these important skill areas will be of extremely crucial important. By appropriately and proactively applying my skills, I will be able to serve the society by addressing defined engineering problems. I will consider the consequences of my actions to clients, society and the environment and make the most appropriate decisions when executing my duties as an engineer. By upholding high standards of ethics and professionalism I will be able to place first the interest of the public.

Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Business Law - Case Study Example Terms in the competition also granted Nutritional Sciences ownership and usage of contestants’ photographs in its promotions. Englert entered the promotion’s contest and was later informed, in June 2002, of her award as runners up. She was to mail back some paper work within 48 hours in order to claim her award. However, the offered award was cash of $ 250 and the organization’s products worth similar amount, while the original offer identified a cash price of $ 1500 and the organization’s products worth $ 500. Englert did not reply and in July 2005 sued the company for â€Å"breach of contract, fraud, unauthorized use of likeness, invasion of privacy, and violation of the Ohio Consumer Sales Practices Act† (The Supreme Court of Ohio 3). Both parties argued for summary judgment and the County Court ruled in favor of Nutritional Science. Englert appealed citing error in law in the County Court’s holding that appellees are not liable for breach of contract, unauthorized use of likeness and invasion of privacy, fraud, and violation of the state act. Englert also cited error in the previous holding that the company reserved the right to change terms, and was not liable damages. In ruling against appellant on error over breach of contract, change of terms of contract and award of damages for breach of contract, the appeal court argued that even though a contract existed from offer and acceptance, explicit terms of the contract were supreme. Nutritional Sciences based on a clause in the contract reserved rights over cancellation of the contract, and modification of terms of the competition. Consequently, there was no breach of contract in the offered reward, and changes were legal, and no liability for breach of contract. In addition, the appeal court held that fraud claims could not be held on promises or statements for future actions. Englert

Produce a reflective report on your skills as a researcher Essay

Produce a reflective report on your skills as a researcher - Essay Example 42). Hence, the business environment today is more than ever in the need for astute researchers who could churn out new ideas and solutions governing the production, supply and marketing of services and goods. In that context I believe that though I am in the possession of some of the salient research skill, still there are areas where I need to work on to graduate to being a researcher with the apt skills and integrity. Before delving on my research skills, I do intend to profess my ardent belief that in the coming times, the managers who have the greater capacity and skills to engage in research and who have the capacity to come out with required information associated with business problems, do stand to have a better chance to secure a beneficial and meaningful career (Dugarm 2009, p. 17). I believe that in the contemporary information age, the ranks of the middle level managers will positively shrink in the institutions and organizations in the favour of those professionals who h appen to be good researchers (Abram 2012, p. 30). In the light of this conviction I intend to work hard on my research skills. When it comes to the purpose backing any research endeavour, I believe that it is primarily about the advancement of knowledge (Bell 2005, p. 100). So it is my belief that as a research scholar I believe in using research procedures and logic to come out with answers and conclusions in a most organized and methodical manner. Certainly, one can facilitate answers through trial and error; however such an approach eventually turns out to be erroneous and costly (Daymon & Holloway 2002, p. 128). In that sense I think I do have the capacity to put together the different concepts and to logically and methodically interpret them in the light of the new findings, in a manner that is very organized and effective. In any research initiative, it is imperative to place the ongoing research in the context of the situations and circumstances governing it. Since, I am a st udent of business, I feel comfortable to say that courtesy my academic background, and I have developed a fair idea as to the paradigms governing the research in the field of business. I believe that research in business is mostly applied in the sense that it aims to solve the practical problems (Rugman & Brewer 2007). Besides, business research is bound by cost constraints, as it is conducted for profit aims (Rugman & Brewer 2007). Also, business research is bound by deadlines as it is conducted to solve problems in real time (Rugman & Brewer 2007). Above all, business research is most of the times subject to an environment in which the situations, circumstances and preferences change very fast (Rugman & Brewer 2007). So, I intend to evaluate and gain on my research skills in the light of the above mentioned characteristics of business research. As a research scholar I have spent considerable time honing my secondary research skills. To put it in a few words, secondary research is primarily about seeking solutions in already existent publications (Rugg & Petre 2007, p. 32). I give so much relevance and importance to secondary research because it not only helps the duplication of ideas and efforts, but also helps mould the salient research questions in a manner that supports further primary research (Rugg & Petre 2007). Hence, to me secondary and primary research is the two sides of

Domino’s Sizzle with Pizza Tracker Essay Example for Free

Domino’s Sizzle with Pizza Tracker Essay Abstract The purpose of this case study is to exam how Domino’s pizza uses Information Systems to regain their share of the Home Delivery pizza market. I’ll discuss how Domino’s overcome a bad reputation and improved their product and services. I will also discuss the changes and process systems implemented along with where they currently stand in the market and with their customers. I will finish with the technology Domino’s plans to use in the future. Domino’s Pizza Sizzles with Pizza Tracker This case study discusses the impact that information systems and global e-business has had on Domino’s Pizzas’ reemergence as an industry leader in the home-delivery pizza market. It looks into what kind of systems are used, how the systems improve business performance, how their online pizza ordering system has improved the ordering process and how the systems are giving Domino’s a competitive edge. Domino’s opened in 1960 and grew to 200 stores in 1978 and currently operates almost 9000 stores worldwide and has the largest share of the approximate $15 Billion/year pizza market. They compete with Pizza Hut, Papa John’s and Little Caesar’s along with local pizza shops. Despite being one of the most well-known brands in the United States, between 2006 and 2008 Domino’s Pizza was in crisis. After leaving Pepsi, Chief Marketing Office Russell Weiner joined Domino’s and inherited a brand with plummeting sales and a bad image due to their lackluster product. A month after he joined the company, sales hit a record low of $2.83 a share in November 2008 and today, it’s up around $72 a share. (Jeff Beer, 2014). Trying to overcome the reputation of having the worst pizza, in 2009, Domino’s CEO  acknowledged in a commercial that Domino’s pizza doesn’t taste good. He apologized for its poor ingredients and promised to improve t he recipe. After that statement was made, store sales grew 14.3% the following quarter. (Forbes Magazine, 2013). Domino’s had $1.5 Billion in sales and earned $80 million in profit that year. Domino’s made their customers a promise to provide better ingredients which they did, but the most important ingredient has been the technology and investment in digital and mobile where they’ve made it faster and easier for customers to place and track orders. In 2003, Domino’s implemented a Transaction Processing System (TPS) called â€Å"Pulse† as a point-of-sale system. Pulse helps Domino’s maintain consistent and efficient management functions in each of their stores. The Data from purchases and payments from orders are captured by this computerized system and recorded. Pulse captures the information from the customer’s order such as type of crust, toppings, side dishes and delivery locations. Once the data is collected, pulse will calculate the number of pizzas and side orders sold, cost of ingredients along with delivery and customer information. The stores in which Pulse was installed reported improved customer services, reduced mistakes and shorter training times. Domino’s most recently updated to â€Å"Pulse Evolution† which is faster, less expensive and easier to maintain. From an operational standpoint, you can use Information Systems to gain a cost advantage over competitors or to differentiate yourself by offering better customer service. (Bert Markgraf, 2015). Since January 2010, shares of Domino’s have significantly surpassed the competition rising 750% while Papa John’s grew 193% and Pizza Hut grew 93%. The Story was the same in 2013 with Domino’s shares increasing 51% while Papa John’s shares increased 30% and Pizza Hut shares were flat for the year. (Forbes, 2013). The latest innovation from  Domino’s (Pizza Tracker) allows a customer to watch a simulated version of their pizza being made all the way through to the finished product. This is another way that Domino’s has used Information Systems and E-Business to reach their customers. The Journal of General Management several success factors for e-commerce. Support self-service in which a web user should be enabled to complete transactions with ease. Nurture customer relationships where up front efforts should focus on increasing customer loyalty, not necessarily maximizing sales. Target a market of one where each customer should be treated as an individual market. Build communities of interest. A company should make its web site a destination that customers look forward to visiting, not simply a resource people use because they have to conduct a transaction. Online ordering has become the cornerstone of Domino’s business with IPad apps such as pizza tracker, pizza hero, customer pizza profiles and the newest featuring a 3-D pizza builder. Domino’s research shows customers by pizza 21 times each year; it gets six or seven of those orders and a similar amount might go to Pizza Hut which showed them that loyalty was not strong. (Forbes, 2013). Along with Pizza Tracker, Domino’s Pizza Profiles have helped retain customers and generate more loyalty from customers. Pizza Profiles allow customers who order online to save their information and reorder their favorite order in as little as five clicks, or about 30 seconds. The company now has mobile apps to cover about 95% of smartphones  and says it generates $2 billion in global digital sales per year of which 35% is driven by mobile. (Forbes, 2013). Domino’s locations are opening faster than Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Pizza Hut and McDonalds since 2008 and have used Business Systems to its fullest to rise to the top. The biggest single department at Domino’s headquarters is now IT and they’re starting to also be known as a Tech company. (Jeff Beer, 2014) Coming soon is the â€Å"DomiCopter† which is a remote controlled  drone that delivers their product. Domino’s has run several tests and may soon introduce the delivery service to the market. REFERENCES 1. Touryalai, H. â€Å"Technology, not pizza, helps Domino’s crush competitors and grow faster than McDonald’s overseas.† Forbes 15 Oct 2013; web 2. Beer, J (2014, May 22). â€Å"How Domino’s became a tech company.† Retrieved from http://www.fastcocreate.com/3030869/behind-the-brand/how-dominos-became-a-tech-company. 3. Markgraf, B (2015, January 14). â€Å"Importance of information systems in an organization.† Retrieved from http://www.smallbusiness.chron.com 4. Barnatt, C. â€Å"Embracing E-Business.† Journal of General Management, 2004; 89 – 97.

Sensation and Perception Essay Example for Free

Sensation and Perception Essay Memory – knowing the past Thinking – knowing the future Cognition = the influence of perception, memory, and thinking Aug 29th, 2012 Basic principles of perception 1.Stimulation -Many kinds of energy implode on the body Electromagnetic energy (light) Mechanical energy -Pressure waves in air Pressure on skin Body movement Thermal energy (heat) Chemical energy (molecules in air, food) -Energy changes detected by receptors 2.Information a.Our sensory systems evolved to pick up information (not just stimulation) b.In general, information is provided by change c.Change can occur over time, or over space 3.Transduction -The process of converting stimulus energy into nerve impulses -Generally, stimulus energy causes a change in a receptor cell’s electrical potential (voltage) -If change is enough, it will trigger â€Å"nerve impulses† 4.Transmission -For perception to occur, sensory organs (containing receptors) must transmit nerve impulses to the brain -Perception occurs in the brain, not in the sensory organs 5.Mediation -Our perception of the world is mediated by various processes between transduction and our conscious awareness -These processes alter the neural information -What we consciously perceive may not be an accurate reflection of the original stimulation 6.Interpretation -Sensory information is ambiguous (there are ALWAYS multiple possible interpretations) 7.Construction -Sensory information is â€Å"sketchy†; the brain â€Å"fills in† missing information 8.Modularity -Your brain consists of independent â€Å"modules†. These modules may construct different, possibly conflicting, interpretations of the world. -You â€Å"see† one interpretation of an ambiguous **Missed Class†¦locked out of room** Sept 5th, 2012 Signal Detection Theory (Slides and appendix in book) Sept 7th, 2012 The Eye Light -Light is electromagnetic radiation varying in: Wavelength Intensity Radiance – intensity of light as it leaves the light source Illuminance – intensity of light as it is absorbed by object (white objects higher in illuminance than black objects) Luminance – amount of light that is reflected by object 100 illuminance omits 40 luminants; albedo = 40/100= .4 Retinal Illuminance – light that reaches your eye Brightness – perception of radiance, illuminance, or luminance Lightness – perception of the reflectance (albedo) Brightness is a perception of the light; lightness is a perception of the object surface Myopia = nearsighted = focal length is shorter than distance  to retina Hyperopia = farsighted = focal length is longer than distance to retina Presbyopia = aged vision, lens can’t adjust because of age (reading glasses for old people) Sept 10th, 2012 The Retina Fovea is the part of eye where visual acuity is highest Vision involves â€Å"rods† and â€Å"cones† in the back of the retina Photopic = conesScotopic = rods Purkinje Shift – as illumination decreases, red objects lose brightness more quickly than green, blue; red goes to black whereas green and blue pass through shades of gray **2 Missed Classes – Canada** Sept 19th, 2012 Gestalt Psychology -Brief history of behaviorism, psychoanalysis -The laws of perceptual grouping October 1st, 2012 Distance Perception Why is depth perception important? -Effective action (e.g. grasping) requires correct perception of distance -Correct perception of size and shape requires correct perception of distance Size and shape consistency Just as an infinite number of object sizes and shapes can cast the exact same image on the retina, a single object can cast an infinite number of sizes and shapes of retinal image Size Consistency = we (usually) perceive the size of an object as constant, despite changes in the size of the retinal image Shape Consistency = we (usually) perceive The farther away something is from your eye, the less the retinal disparity will be Stereopsis -Retinal Disparity = the mismatch between the left and right eyes’ retinal  images -Stereopsis = the ability to use retinal disparity as a depth cue Motion parallax Interposition = idea that an object in front of another object will block that object out Aerial Perspective -Refers to effects of the air on distance perception Clarity = as light passes through more air, light is scattered and so the image gets blurrier oBlueness = as light passes through more air, long wavelengths are filtered out and so the image gets bluer Chapter 2 Transduction and receptive fields Signal Detection Theory -Always noise (random activity) Eye Movements EXAM 2 MATERIAL OCT 12TH 2012 Perceptual Ambiguity (Lecture 9) States of form perception 1.Feature extraction 2.Perceptual grouping 3.Figure-ground differentiation 4.Figural resolution 5.Pattern recognition Ambiguity – multiple possible interpretations – can occur at any level (2-5) Figure-ground differentiation -Some perceptual groups are treated as â€Å"figure†, other groups are treated as â€Å"ground† Yates Thesis -Yates. J (1985). The content of awareness is a model of the world. Psychological Review, 92, 249-284 -Visual images are inherently ambiguous (allow multiple interpretations) -Coherent action requires selection of one interpretation -We tend to represent in awareness the simplest interpretation of the most sensory data Figural Resolution -After â€Å"figure† has been differentiated from â€Å"ground†, it may still be  necessary to resolve the structure of the figure -Figural resolution influenced by†¦ Bottom up vs. top-down October 15th, 2012 Lecture 10 Pattern Recognition Pattern Recognition – knowing what figures in the visual field ARE. Requires interaction of sensation/perception with memory (pre-existing knowledge) Template Matching -Match of whole pattern to a stored pattern -Problems onfinite variation of problems No access to feature differences Can’t recognize†¦ Feature Analysis -Patterns are recognized by detection of particular â€Å"critical features† -Accounts for recognition of partially obscured patterns -Predicts that objects with more features in common are more confusable Problem: Not ALWAYS true Some confusions are predicted better by the whole shape New â€Å"configural properties† (or emergent features) arise from the combination of features †¢Impossible to define complex objects entirely by simple features Template Matching vs. Feature Analysis -Template matching emphasizes the whole, fails to account for importance of parts -Feature analysis emphasizes the parts, fails to account for importance of the whole -Possible solutions: Maybe more than one brain mechanism for pattern recognition oA â€Å"hybrid† approach that encompasses both the whole AND the parts Structural Theories of Pattern Recognition Objects are recognized by their â€Å"structural description†, how their parts are organized into the whole †¢DO NOT CONFUSE WITH STRUCTURALISM! (Structuralism assumed that the â€Å"structure† can be decomposed into elemental parts† Yates Thesis -We tend to represent in awareness the simplest explanation for the most sensory data Oct 17th, 2012 Three kinds of brain damage 1.Agnosia = â€Å"loss of knowledge† a.Prosopagnosia – loss of ability to recognize faces b.Object agnosia – loss of ability to recognize objects c.Word agnosia (alexia) – loss of ability to recognize written words 2.Object agnosia never occurs without either word agnosia or prosopagnosia Oct 24th, 2012 Light Light is electromagnetic radiation varying in: Wavelength Intensity Amplitude, if considered as a wave Number of photons, if considered as particulate Color is all in your head! â€Å"Hue† does not exist in the physical world – wavelength is a simple quantitative continuum, like intensity, or frequency of sound, or length, or weight †¢You brain CONSTRUCTS categories of perception, resulting in qualitative differences in the perception Dimensions of Color -HUE the perception of wavelength, or (in a mixture) dominant wavelength -SATURATION – the perception of purity (proportion of the dominant wavelength in a mixture) -BRIGHTNESS – perceived intensity Subtractive Color Mixture -A paint pigment absorbs certain wavelengths, reflects others -When two pigments are mixed, each subtracts out certain wavelengths -You see what’s left over Exam 2: Perceptual ambiguity Pattern recognition Color vision Sound Music The Ear Ear to Brain Visual Illusions Inner ear- cochlea, organ of corti, Moon Illusion – moon looks larger when at horizon than when it is over-head Perceived size = retinal image size x perceived distance EXAM 3 MATERIAL(FINAL EXAM)NOV 9TH, 2012 Final Exam Friday Dec 14th, 3:30-5:30 66 questions, appx. 2/3 material last 3rd of class Study 1st 2 exams for remaining 1/3 Don’t need to know every single experiment, just the general results Medial and lateral superior olives -Loudness in 2 ears and time of arrival in 2 ears

Fluctuating Prices and Declining Income of Farmers

Fluctuating Prices and Declining Income of Farmers INTRODUCTION Farming is the growing of crops and the rearing of animals. Major agricultural products include; fish, cereals, cattle, vegetables, oilseed, poultry, potatoes, sheep. Farming contributed  £5.6 billion to the UK economy in 2006. In the last 25 years, farming in Britain has transformed a lot. Farming provided employment for quite a number of people, but nowadays, with the help of machinery and equipment, and the problems associated with farming, only a few people remain on the farm. The total labour force employed in agriculture in the UK is 541,000, of whom 190,000 are employees and the remaining 351,000 are self-employed farmers, partners, directors and spouses. Overall, 1.8% of the UKs workforce is directly employed in farming .The UK food chain accounts for almost 8% of the total economy (RuSource, 2008). However, farmers have always faced problems such as Increasing population growth, water logging and salinity, converting the arable land into non-agricultural uses, high cost of production, fluctuating prices, declining income, increased tax etc. But this article will focus mainly on why farmers have been facing fluctuating prices and declining income over the years. PRICE AND AGRICULTURE Price is the amount of money needed to purchase something or the quantity of payment or compensation for something. A price fluctuation is a change in the price market. Agricultural experts and businesspeople have blamed fluctuating commodity prices, difficult capital accesses and poor development of downstream industries for poor performance of the countrys agricultural industry. Some of the causes of price fluctuations in agriculture includes; seasonal change in supply which is adversely affected by natural or climatic factors, lack of finance, use of crude implements, seasonal shortage of demand, etc. The market structure of a farm which is perfect competition also affects the price. The market structure is such that the farmer cannot influence the price. The price is determined purely by the forces of demand and supply. According to PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) IV executive director Dahlan Harahap,   fluctuating prices influenced the agricultural industrys performances because most of the companies relied on their revenues on exports. Several major commodities which are mostly exported include crude palm oil (CPO) (77 percent exported), rubber (83 percent), cacao (86) and coffee (70). INCOME AND AGRICULTURE Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified time frame, which is generally expressed in monetary terms. However, for households and individuals, income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents and other forms of earnings received in a given period of time. For firms, income generally refers to net-profit: what remains of revenue after expenses have been subtracted. Farmers have faced declining income over the years due to high cost of production and low return to investment. According to Dahlan, high bank interest is one of the factors impeding the countrys agricultural industry. Indonesia, he added, sets the highest bank interest rate in Southeast Asia. This however affects farmers income. UK farming incomes are defined at the industry level by a measure known as Total Income from Farming (TIFF) and at the farm level by a measure known as Net Farm Income. Both measures have exhibited long term decline since the 1960s, reaching a low point in 2000 with average Net Farm Income at just  £8700. Governments of many countries have felt it expedient to intervene in agricultural markets, and have resorted to different forms of controls and subsidies. These have often led to the accumulation of vast surpluses, which have sometimes rotted in storage and sometimes been sold abroad at subsidized prices. The theory of demand and supply can be used to understand why farmers face fluctuating price and declining since Price is a reflection of supply and demand. DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN AGRICULTURE The agricultural sector is a very unique sector in economics because it displays characteristics in terms of the demand for and the supply of its goods not seen in any other sector. The principal characteristics of demand are that it is both income and price inelastic and it has high dependency on population and tastes which cause demand to be static in both the short and the long run. On the other hand supply is very volatile in the short run due to extraneous factors because supply is a biological process though in the long run due to technological advances we tend to observe an increasing trend. Also, because agricultural products are perishable and because the production period is long, supply will be inelastic so producers will have to supply in the short run even at very low prices. Another characteristic of supply is its atomistic structure and asset fixity. These basically imply that there will be a large number of insignificant producers and that most agricultural asset will be fixed. These have various implications for prices which are very unstable in the short run and in the long run present a declining trend. Similarly farm incomes tend to be unstable in the short run and converge in the long run though it must be noted that this is also due to extensive government subsidisation of agriculture. DEMAND Demand  refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a good that a consumer is willing and able to buy at a given price over a given period of time. Demand curve is a graph showing the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of the good demanded over a given time period. Price is measured on the vertical axis; quantity demanded is measured on the horizontal axis The law of demand states that the quantity of a good demanded per period of time will fall as price rises and will rise as price falls, other things being equal (ceteris paribus). Demand on price and income According to Richard and Chrystal (2007); Agricultural production is subject to large variations resulting from factors that are beyond human control. For example, bad weather reduces output below that planned by farmers while exceptionally good weather pushes output above planned levels. Inelastic demand De E Elastic demand D1 Price Inelastic demand P0 Elastic demand Quantity 0 q1 q0 q3 Unplanned changes in output . Figure 3.1 Unplanned fluctuations in output (Richard and Chrystal 2007) Because farm products often have inelastic demands, large price fluctuations causes unplanned changes in production which in turn affects farmers income. Stabilization of agricultural prices: Farmers are allowed to sell their whole crop each year. When production unexpectedly exceeds normal output, the government buys in the market. It allows price to fall, but only by the same proportion that production has increased. When production unexpectedly falls short of normal output, the government enters the market and sells some of its stocks. It allows price to rise, but only by the same proportion that production has fallen below normal. Thus, as farmers encounter unplanned fluctuations in their output, they encounter exactly offsetting fluctuations in prices, so that their revenues are stabilized. In effect, the government has converted the elasticity of demand from being inelastic to being unitary. With a unit elasticity the total revenue of sellers does not change as quantity changes, because given percentage changes in quantity are offset by equal percentage changes of price but in the opposite direction. Figure 3.2 Income stabilization (Richard and Chrystal 2007) Income stabilization is achieved by allowing prices to fluctuate in inverse proportion to output Appropriate government intervention in agricultural markets can reduce price fluctuations and stabilize producers revenues.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Ah, life eh? Hello Class of 2012. There are so many things to say to you. I feel so privileged to get to speak to everyone, and there is so much to say. We have come to this point in our lives that many have come to before us. I almost feel like I have done it already, having watched people grow up and graduate before. But now today it is our turn to really do it. To walk this aisle, to sit in the seats, and to play with these tassels. It seems like so long ago and it seems like just yesterday, those perils of adolescence. Brier Terrace Middle School, just seething with awkwardness and emotions, was where I spent most of my days, chilling out, maxing, relaxing all cool, playing some b-ball outside of my school. One of my most memorable days at Brier was a day my friend Kyle kicked me in the face. We were playing Zebra ball in P.E., probably one of the legendary Mr. Soward's inventions, and I was already out, sitting on the wall waiting for the next round to begin. Kyle was still in the game running around, when he, in an attempt to dodge a ball hurling at him, tried to leap over me, unintentionally kicking me squarely in the face. My glasses broke a little and I was super embarrassed. Kyle had no idea that he did it and kept playing. Casually at lunch later, I told him what happened, as if he would want to know. It is funny what an impact, literally, our experience in school has made on us and also the impact we have made on them. Academically, we have achieved much at our school. Every one of us here has accumulated twenty-two Green Terrace High School credits and individually our very own Senior Project. A big pat on the back seems deserved by everyone here for four years of hard work. Some here get a big slap on... ...e that meant something to others, like Kyle and Mr. Tolstoy didn't, but you undoubtedly have. Don't forget the lessons that we have learned from each other. The ones in friendship, in love and all the lessons of just plain how to live well. My prayer for all of you is that you will not give up this wonderful habit of giving to people in this way, but that separately, as we all diverge from this place, you will live lives knowing that human worth is not dependent on achievement, but on simple existence. Find purpose in what comes naturally to all of us, to love. Class of 2003, you have given me more than I asked for, more than the titles I have received or accomplishments I have made, you have called me sister. Go out and be great because you are able to love greatly. Thank you so much for the honor of speaking. I adore you, my brothers and sisters, Class of 2003

Three Characters with Good Intentions in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Based on the impulsive, irrational Veronese society, many of the characters in Romeo and Juliet believe that they are doing everything â€Å"all for the best.† Three characters which exemplify this fully are Lord Capulet, Tybalt and Friar Lawrence. All the characters are products of their own society, Veronese society. Status is everything, money buys anything. Woman must marry well and produce many offspring. Men believe strongly in defending their honor by any means available especially violence. When there is a fight in the market place, Capulet rushes to fight for his honor, â€Å"my sword I say, old Montague is come...† Capulet denies Paris’ request to marry Juliet â€Å" and too soon marred are those so early made,† acting for his own good because he wants Juliet to produce many offspring to carry on the Capulets bloodline, since she is his only surviving child. When at the ball Capulet demands Tybalt to let Romeo be,† content thee, gentle coz, let him alone,† but this just fuels Tybalts anger towards Romeo, which eventually ends up in Tybalt causing his own death. Capulet believes he is giving his child the best when he announces her engagement to Paris† she shall be married to this noble earl,† and believes Paris will make a good husband for Juliet. When Juliet refuses Capulet thinks it best to threaten her, â€Å"I will drag thee,† but this just makes Juliet turn to more drastic measures. When asked by Benvolio to make peace in the streets, Tybalt bluntly responds,† talk of peace, I hate the word. As I hate hell all Montagues.† This is the attitude of Tybalt throughout the play. He believes he is doing all for the best and uses violence as his tool. He gets angry at the ball with Romeo being there, â€Å"villain as a guest,† and believes it best to defend his family’s honor by later taking revenge. When Tybalt finds Romeo, he thinks it best to fight him and when he ends up killing Mercutio he believes he has done his duty by causing Romeo the same hurt he has brought Tybalt, â€Å"the injuries that thou hast done me.† Friar Lawrence is by the far the character that displays â€Å"working for the best,† the most. The three main events are the marriage, the plan and the death, all three of which the friar is very involved. The friar originally marries Romeo and Juliet in hopes that the feud between the two families will end, â€Å"to turn your households’ rancor to pure love.

McEthics in Europe and Asia

McEthics in Europe and Asia: should McDonald's extend its response to ethical criticism in Europe? Introduction The â€Å"McEthics† case describes how Mc Donald's, the fast food industrys market leader, faces charges concerning growing health problems in Europe and Asia. 1) Set out the main criticisms that have been leveled at Mc Donald's in Europe. To what extent are these criticisms likely to be replicated in Asia? What differences can be predicted? There are four main areas of critique that have been leveled at Mc Donald's in Europe.First, the products are said to be fat and unhealthy, which fosters health problems, especially obesity and diabetes. Secondly, the labor conditions are heavily criticized. Mc Donald's has been accused of paying too little wages and being ‘strongly antipathetic' to unions. Harsh criticism also arose concerning the companies advertising. These accusations are based on the belief that Mc Donald's ‘exploits children' and uses false adve rtisement of its food as nutritious'. The last point of criticism is the firms ‘culpable responsibility for animal cruelty.Additionally, in France a whole wave of an anti-American sentiment aggravates the negative image of Mc Donald's. In Asia the main point of criticism that is replicated is health issues. The fat foods and emerging fast food culture is especially dangerous to children's health. In Europe traditions of protests and rebellions may help people change and the treedom ot speech. Moreover, governments nave a great interest in a healthy population because offering an expensive welfare and health care system.From our point of view these factors have led to a strong resistance against Mc Donald's which would never emerge in Asia in such an extent. ) Describe and evaluate the tactics used by McDonald's in responding to their critics in Europe? Will these work to the same degree in Asia? According to the case, Mc Donald's quickly reacted to criticism in Europe and star ted various campaigns in order to improve its image. For instance, they developed a healthier menu, introducing salads and fruit packages or launched sport initiatives and awareness campaigns.By contrast, in Asia Mc Donald's is reacting very slowly, not answering to the peoples concern. One possible explanation for Mc Donald's actions in Europe could be that European governments started taxing the fast food industry. In the meantime, Asian governments seem to show now interest in such measures. This observation is also a strong indicator that Mc Donald's campaigns in Europe are not truly altruistic. It rather seems that Mc Donald's is merely after profit and stakeholders satisfaction rather than providing healthy food. ) Should Mc Donald's offer healthy alternatives to the same extent in all the countries in which it operates, or Just those where it has been criticized in the past, or is it expecting further regulation? What if customers overseas do not want healthy options? Mc Dona ld's should offer healthy alternatives in every country as ong as customers accept and buy them. If customers do not want healthy options, Mc Donald's should offer other alternatives such like sport programs or simple information packages. Scientific research clearly proofs that fast food, consumed on a regular basis, is extremely unhealthy.Mc Donald's could be said to have an ethical responsibility to educate its customers about fast food and healthy alternatives. 4) How could Mc Donald's seek to avoid further criticism in the future? Can the company realistically present itself as an ethical corporation? Only if Mc Donald's operated as truly altruistic company, benefitting the community, could they avoid further criticism. As of now, Mc Donald's is only known to be vastly successful in the economic perspective of the triple bottom line. Mc Donald's is also committed to social and environmental perspectives.The Ronald McDonald House Charities for example provide healthcare etc. to children in need. Furthermore Mc Donald's 2009 Corporate Responsibility Report clearly states how Mc Donald's tackles the environmental issues and provides examples of Mc Donald's sustainable supply chain. However this is not what comes to mind when we think about this fast food chain. The solution to Mc Donald's problem is already in place. The catch is however that no one knows about the corporations' environmental and social efforts.Through proper marketing strategies Mc Donald's could earn a much better reputation with very little effort. 5) How sustainable is the fast food industry from the point of the triple bottom line? The triple bottom line combines the three factors of environmental, economic and social sustainability. The economic sustainability in the fast food sector has been proven in the past by Mc Donald's balance sheets. Concerning the environmental angle, one can argue that there is room for mprovement. For instance in Austria Mc Donald's is starting to use local products and has sorted rubbish for several years.There are programs in place to aid Farmers become more sustainable, bringing Mc Donald's supply chain to a high standard of environmental responsibili Concerning social sustainability, the tast t industry is lacking vision. They are providing healthcare to people in need but why not tackle the cause of these children's health problems? If the fast food industry could find a successful shift to truly healthy fast food, social sustainability could prove to be a contributing factor to the fast food industries profits.

Distinctly Visual Essay

Distinctly Essay A distinctively visual text influences our view of the world, and object or a person by the composer presenting us with new ideas and emotions that let us see from another point of view. Henry Lawson is an Australian writer that has the ability to twist his readers into his stories so they understand the true feelings and emotions of the characters. He presents us with the idea the bush is a negative place to live. But all Australians have a connection with it.Distinctly visual texts affect how we see the world and our relationships with others. Henry Lawson acknowledges the hardships of Australian women whose bravery and perseverance is unfairly over looked. Lawson’s admiration of the wife is evident in the portrayal of a strong and independent female protagonist. While the characters traits of the hattered old dog â€Å"alligator† are amusingly represented, it remains the wife who really fascinates the reader. Her appearance and behaviour can be readi ly pictured and we easily identify with her hopes and fears.He then reflects the harshness with the characterisation of the â€Å"Gaunt sun brown woman† and her â€Å"four ragged, dried up looking children†, This shapes our understanding of the unique Australian traits of toughness and courage towards a hostile environment like the bush. We never learn her name and this anonymity increases the representative role she plays, making the reader more reflective and empathetic about what is revealed, especially when given access t o her thoughts and feelings. By visualising the bush woman’s surroundings the reader can connect with her frame of mind. One is left with an overwhelming sense of loneliness and hardship.Through the use of flashbacks Lawson presents us with the different situations the women has been confront with and the way she has had to overcome them while her husband has been away â€Å"she fought a bush fire.. She fought a flood.. She also fought a m ade bullock’ and now a snake. The vivid imagery of the environment creates the feeling of isolation and monotony that the drover’s wife experiences in her day to day life. Lawson positions us to accept his visual interpretation of life in the bush defined by continual hardship instead of focusing primarily on the contents of the bush, Lawson focuses on what is lacking.The Lost Thing is a humorous story about a boy who discovers a bizarre looking creature while out collecting bottle tops at a beach. Having guessed that it is lost, he tries to find out who owns it or where it belongs, but the problem is met with indifference by everyone else, who barely notice is presence. Each is unhelpful in their own way, strangers, friends, parents are all unwilling to entertain this uninvited interruption to their day to day life.In spite of his better judgement the boy feels sorry for this hapless creature, and attempts to find out where it belongs. The story soon develops into a f able about all sorts of social concerns, with a ambiguous ending. For a start ‘the lost pet’ is unlike anything we might normally expect. It is a huge tentacled monster, not quite animal or machine, with no particular function or origin. Whimsical, purposeless and estranged from everything around it, it is out of place in a much deeper sense that just being ‘lost’.The environment described by the illustrations also resists any simple reading. A treeless industrial metropolis full of excessive plumbing, mysterious and dehumanising architecture, green skies and cheerless citizens. Nobody pays attention to this ‘lost pet’ despite its disruptive presence, every citizen is too busy in their daily routine to notice. The text is written as a matter-of-fact anecdote, told by the boy and addressed to the reader, presented as a kind of â€Å"what I did over summer† story (hence the use of hand-written text on strips of note paper).Significantly, t he creature in question is never physically described, and there is very little said about the environment in which the story unfolds; this is where the illustrations take over. Read by itself the text would sound as though it is about a lost dog in a quite familiar suburb or city, but the pictures reveal a freakish tentacled animal in a surreal a treeless world of green skies, excessive plumbing, concrete and machinery Another short story written by Henry Lawson that displays this connection with the land is â€Å"the loaded dog†.It tells a story of three men that are working on a gold field and leave a explosive lying around. This explosive is then picked up by their dog, who chases them with it lit in its mouth. Unlike â€Å"the drovers wife† Lawson’s ability to balance the harshness of the wish with the larrikin characters. Allows him to make the story entertaining but also life threatening. The visual image of the men following each other being chases by th e dog with an explosive in its mouth is an example of this humour Lawson uses throughout the story to conceal the bush during the tory. Lawson uses the almost dried up creek as an example of the ruthlessness the bush has on it occupants. The men usually use the fish as their main source of food but because it has turned into a â€Å"chain of muddy waterholes.. six to seven feet deep† they are fearing they will starve. So they come up with a plan to catch the fish using an explosive. A dog is also present in â€Å"the loaded dog† but it does not have a protector role like the one in â€Å"the drovers wife† rather Lawson mainly convey â€Å"Tommy.. big, black†¦ retriever dog.. as their four legged mate† this mate ship is the only thing that is positive in the story, although Lawson uses him as the main cause of all the trouble and excitement. Henry Lawson short stories are both visual texts that have contributed to the Australian myth and have become a voice for the individuals of the 1890’s. His stories still have a meaning of heritage and belonging for today’s society. Shaun tans â€Å"the lost thing† provokes questions

Qualitative Analysis Lab Essay

The purpose of the experiment is to identify every cation present in an unknown solution by performing specific chemical tests. Chemical tests such as adding specific chemicals to make precipitates, adding strong and highly concentrated acids and bases, centrifuging the precipitate from the supernate, and performing a flame test are carried out to determine the presence or absence of the ions in each group. Experimental Procedure: Separation of Group I Cations: Ten drops of the unknown solution C were placed into a small test tube. Four drops of 6 M HCl were added to the unknown solution. After being stirred, the yellowish unknown developed a white, cloudy precipitate. The solution was centrifuged and a white precipitate sunk to the bottom of the test tube. One drop of 6 M HCl was added to the solution making the clear yellow supernate cloudy, which showed that not all of the Group I ions precipitated. Two more centrifuges were performed until no more precipitate formed. The clear yellow supernate was decanted into a clean dry test tube. The yellowish white precipitate was rinsed with five drops of cold tap water and stirred. This solution was then centrifuged and added to the supernate in the other test tube. Fifteen drops of tap water were added to the washed precipitate and the test tube was placed in a hot-water bath. The solution was stirred in the water bath for one minute. The now clear purplish liquid was centrifuged and there was no precipitate formed which confirmed the absence of Ag+. Three drops of 1 M K2CrO4 were added to the purple supernate, and a thick, cloudy yellow precipitate formed confirming the presence of Pb2+. Separation of Group III Cations: Five drops of 2 M NH4Cl were added to the test tube containing the clear yellow supernate from group I. The solution was stirred. Then, seven drops of 15 M NH3 were added until the solution was basic and the litmus paper turned blue. The addition of NH3 caused a light-orange precipitate to form. The two additional drops of NH3 and the twenty drops of water created a reddish-brown precipitate and a clear supernate. The solution was stirred and centrifuged. The light blue supernate was decanted from the caramel brown precipitate. Twelve drops of 12 M HCl and five drops of 16 M HNO3 were added to the brown precipitate. The mixture was carefully stirred and turned into a clear yellow liquid. The test tube was heated in a hot-water bath for about forty-five seconds to dissolve any remaining precipitate. Ten drops of water were added to the solution and was centrifuged. There was no remaining precipitate, and the clear yellow supernate was divided into two separate test tubes. Two drops of 0.2 M KSCN were added to one of the test tubes containing the yellow supernate. The solution turned to a deep, blood-red which confirmed the presence of Fe3+. After fifty drops of 6 M NH3 were added to the second test tube of the yellow supernate, the solution remained acidic and it only caused the solution to turn a paler yellow. Five drops of 15 M NH3 were added to make the solution basic by turning the litmus paper blue. The addition of the 15 M NH3 also caused an orange precipitate to form in the solution. The solution was centrifuged and decanted into a separate test tube to remove the precipitate. Four drops of dimethylglyoxime reagent was added to the solution which was then stirred. The solution turned a deep pink with the formation of a pink precipitate which confirms the presence of Ni2+. Separation of Group IV Cations: Eight drops of 6 M CH3CO2H and one drop of 1 M K2CrO4 were added to the light blue supernate from the Group III procedure. The mixture was stirred and turned to a clear yellow color with no precipitate which confirms the absence of Ba2+. Four drops of 15 M NH3 were added to the yellow supernate from the previous step to make it basic and turn the litmus paper blue. The solution retained its yellow color with no precipitate. Seven drops of 0.1 m K2C2O4 were added which caused the formation of a small amount of white precipitate. The small amount of precipitate was dissolved in ten drops of 6 M HCl. A small sponge was used to soak up a small amount of solution. Using a Bunsen burner, the solution soaked sponge was placed into the top of the blue flame. The flame was initially orange and then had sporadic bursts of red flame which confirmed the presence of Ca2+. A small amount of the original unknown solution C is absorbed by a section of sponge. A flame test is performed using a Bunsen burner. The solution soaked sponge produced an orange-yellow flame; however, the yellow was not very prominent. The solution did contain Na+, but not in a substantially large amount. 2 mL of original unknown solution C and 2 mL of 6 M NaOH were combined in an evaporating dish. Litmus paper was wetted with water and placed on the bottom of a watch glass. The litmus paper watch glass was placed over the evaporating dish. The litmus paper without extra heating immediately turned blue which confirms the presence of basic NH4+. Results: Table for Unknown C Pb2+| Ag+| Fe3+| Ni2+| Ba2+| Ca2+| NH4+| Na+| Yes| No| Yes | Yes| No| Yes| Yes| Yes| Discussion: The lead ion was found by making a supernate from water and the precipitate formed by mixing the unknown solution and 6 M HCl and decanting out the supernate. The unknown solution and HCl were added to a test tube and centrifuged to separate the precipitate from the supernate. The supernate was then decanted from the precipitate. Water was added to the precipitate and put into a hot-water bath. There was no precipitate formed after the solution was heated and centrifuged which confirmed the absence of the silver ion. The addition of K2CrO4 caused a yellow precipitate to form in the supernate. The formation of the yellow cloudy precipitate confirmed the presence of the lead ion. The iron ion was found by taking the supernate from group I and making a precipitate by mixing it with 2 M NH4Cl and 15 M NH3. The precipitate was mixed with 12 M HCl and 16 M HNO3 and heated in a hot water bath until the precipitate was completely dissolved. The supernate was then divided equally into two test tubes. One of the samples was combined with 0.2 M KSCN to form a blood-red precipitate which confirmed the presence of the iron ion. The second supernate sample was used in confirming the presence of nickel. 6 M NH3 was added to the supernate, but 15 M NH3 had to be used to make the solution basic. After centrifuging and decanting out the precipitate formed, the dimethylglyoxime reagent was added to the supernate and created a deep pink precipitate that confirmed the presence of nickel. The supernate from the group III sample was mixed with 6 M CH3CO2H and 1 M K2CrO4. There was no precipitate that formed which confirmed the absence of the barium ion. The calcium ion was found by using the supernate from the previous test and adding 15 M NH3 until the solution was basic. The precipitate was then centrifuged out and discarded. The addition of 0.1 M K2C2O4 created a small amount of white precipitate that suggested the presence of the calcium ion, but a flame test was conducted to confirm the presence of calcium. The expected red-orange flame produced by a solution soaked sponge confirmed the presence of calcium in the unknown solution. Ammonium ions were found by combining the original unknown solution and 6 M NaOH in an evaporating dish and testing if the fumes were basic. Moist litmus paper was stuck to the bottom of a watch glass which was then placed over the top of the evaporating dish. The litmus paper immediately turning blue proves the existence of ammonium ions. The sodium ion was found by performing a flame test on the original unknown solution. The original solution was added to a sponge which was put into a flame which showed a yellow-orange flame which shows the presence of sodium ions, but the intensity of the yellow did not suggest that there was a significant amount of sodium. The flame tests seem to be not as accurate since the sponge alone would burn an orange flame. Attention to the small bursts of reds and yellows in the dominate orange flame had to be highly focused since it was one of the only indications of which ions were present in the unknown solution. Conclusion: Through the formation of precipitates and supernates, the additions of acids and bases, the additions of highly concentrated solutions, and flame tests specific ions were separated out in order to determine the characteristics of the unknown solution. Unknown solution C was found in conclusion to the experiment to contain the cations lead, iron, nickel, calcium, ammonium, and sodium.

Exim Policy India Analysis Essay

EXIM policy should be more transparent which should favour export environment The EXIM policy (Foreign trade policy) was announced on 27th August 2009 for the period 2009-2014. It was announced at a juncture when the world was recuperating from the economic downturn. The downturn had caused a sharp contraction in international trade and adversely impacted global investments. The world trade suffered a drastic reduction of 12%. In this context, the EXIM policy focussed on arresting declining exports. Market diversification strategy was adopted in order to reach out to non traditional destinations in Africa ,Latin America and Asia since there was a sharp decline in demand in the traditional market. Technological up gradation of exports was encouraged and transaction procedures were simplified to reduce costs. Other steps planned wee to concentrate on Labour intensive sectors and the draft policy parameters to enhance the competitiveness of our exports by promoting technology upgrades. A Committee of Experts was constituted to revamp the procedures of transactions and administer the value chain of exports. Amidst the current global economic turmoil, the Indian government should take prudent steps to avoid the recurrence of another recession. In light of the recent developments, the EXIM policy should encourage exports and stimulate international trade. While, the current EXIM policy mentions a considerable emphasis on exports, a detailed check is required if the trade is actually adhering to the policies framed and if the transparency is being maintained in the transactions. a) Currency printing should be done by private top 3 financial institutions in the country. The Reserve Bank of India manages the currency in the country with the help of the advice from the government of India. RBI distributes notes and rupee coins to other bank branches through certain selected currency chest branches. Printing additional currency should be done in a controlled manner since it can have a great impact on the economy. India can’t merely print additional currency to meet public expenditure unless it is a time of extreme financial crisis. This method of increasing liquidity in the market is called Quantitative Easing and happens when the Central bank fails to inject liquidity in the system by lowering interest rates. This is mainly done to prevent deflation. However, uncontrolled printing of money causes inflation and can lead to hyper inflation in extreme cases. RBI uses three main factors are used to estimate the demand for bank notes – current growth rate of economy, replacement demand and reserve requirements. During the time of recession, it is all the more important to be prudent on printing money since the economy is on a decline and it becomes imperative to control inflation. Hence, monitoring the currency printing is of utmost importance and this can be achieved by allowing only the top 3 private financial institutions in the country. a) FDI should be allowed in multi brand so as to eliminate intermediaries and benefit farmers and industries directly. It will help in curbing inflation. FDI in multi brand retail should be encouraged since it would contribute extensively in the growth of the economy. It would improve the availability of high quality goods and create an environment of competitiveness in Indian entrepreneurs by giving exposure to global management practices. It would also encourage better technology and enhance efficiencies. However, the policy should be implemented within the purview of the state laws and regulations. This would ensure that there is no anti- competitive practices including predatory pricing. Investments in terms of FDI in retail would in turn help in developing the infrastructure of the country in terms of supply chain and logistics. This would also eliminate intermediaries and benefit farmers and industries directly. This strategy would greatly help in controlling recession since this help in generating demand at the low income level and eventually would eliminate the income divide. It would also curb inflation in an efficient manner. a) More emphasis should be given on R& D of capital goods which are prima facie being produced by developed economies. The profits of the capital goods sector is directly linked with the profits of the entire Indian industry. This is further corroborated by the high elasticity behavior of Capital goods industry to the fluctuations in the industry growth. One of the key stimulators for demand in the capital goods sector is the manufacturing sector which forms the end user of these goods. Another stimulator for the demand is the gross investment made in this sector by the country. It is important to have a good demand for the Capital goods since its consumption constitutes 17-21 percent of the GDP of the country. However, the investments in this sector have declined when compared to other sectors. Hence, more emphasis on the investment and R&D of capital goods will provide considerable boost to the GDP of the country and in turn help in curbing recession. This is one of the most effective ways to control recession. a) Government should spend in agro based economies like Africa to have favourable terms for import of agriculture products. Although imports of agricultural products form a very small percentage of the total imports, the import duties and countries of trade pose significant hurdles. The current import statistics of various agricultural products are as follows. The total agri imports are in the range of 4-7 percent of the total imports. Edible oil accounts for more than 50% of the agri imports. Raw cashew nut accounts for about 10 percent of the agri imports. Other agricultural products imported are – cereals,pulses,spices,sugar chicken meat etc .However, these form a very low percentage of the agri imports and are imported in climatically abnormal years. Government should put extensive effort to build ties with agro based economies like Africa which would help reducing the expenditure on agricultural imports. This in-turn would help in maintaining the balance even in adverse years when domestic production fails to fulfill the demand. This gap between demand and supply in a bad year is one of the root causes of creating a recession. Hence, this is a cost effective alternative to fulfill this supply and curb the occurrence of a recession.